Tsimlyansk Reservoir, Чернышковский район, Volgograd Oblast, Southern Federal District, Russia
The Tsimlyansk Reservoir, also known as Tsimlyanskoye Reservoir, is an expansive artificial lake situated on the Don River, straddling the territories of Rostov and Volgograd Oblasts in Russia. Established in 1952, it is recognized as one of the largest reservoirs in the country, playing a pivotal role in regional development.
Key Features and Functions
The reservoir’s creation has been integral to the agricultural, industrial, and navigational development in the Rostov and Volgograd regions. It serves multiple purposes, including power generation through the Tsimlyansk Hydroelectric Station, and providing vital irrigation for a variety of crops such as wheat, rice, cotton, maize, alfalfa, fruit, grapes, and vegetables.
Navigational Importance
One of the key roles of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir is its contribution to navigation. It forms a crucial segment of the waterway connecting the Volga River and Caspian Sea basin with the Sea of Azov through the Volga–Don Canal and the lower course of the Don River. This waterway is significant for the transportation of raw materials and other goods, enhancing the economic connectivity between different regions.
Flood Control and Local Impact
The Tsimlyansk Dam, integral to the reservoir, also functions as an important flood control mechanism for the lower Don River basin. The construction of the reservoir and dam has spurred substantial local industrial growth, notably leading to the establishment of the city of Volgodonsk, which owes its existence to this monumental project.
Historical Significance
Beneath the waters of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies the historical site of the ancient Khazar fortress town of Sarkel, indicating the region’s rich cultural and historical heritage.
Navigation Infrastructure
The reservoir is equipped with advanced navigation infrastructure, including two significant ship locks – the lock in the Tsimlyansky Dam (Lock No. 14) and another lock (Lock No. 15) located a short distance to the west. These locks are part of the broader lock system that includes those on the Volga–Don Canal, emphasizing the reservoir’s strategic importance in the regional waterway network.