Rybinsk Reservoir, Yaroslavl Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia
The Rybinsk Reservoir, often referred to as the Rybinsk Sea, is a significant hydroelectric reservoir located in Russia, spanning the regions of Tver, Vologda, and Yaroslavl Oblasts. Formed by the dam of the Rybinsk Hydroelectric Station on the Volga River and its tributaries, Sheksna and Mologa, it stands as a monumental example of human engineering and its impact on the natural and social environment.
Construction and Historical Significance
The construction of the Rybinsk Reservoir began in 1935, marking a significant phase in Soviet hydraulic engineering. The reservoir began filling on April 14, 1941, and reached its full capacity by 1947. At the time of its completion, it was recognized as the largest man-made body of water on Earth. This massive project necessitated the resettlement of about 150,000 people as the rising waters submerged the historic town of Mologa in Yaroslavl Oblast, along with numerous villages.
Geographical and Hydrological Features
Covering an area of 4,580 km², the Rybinsk Reservoir is notable for its expansive surface. With an average depth of 5.6 meters and a maximum depth of 30 meters, it holds a significant volume of water, approximately 25.4 km³. The surface elevation of the reservoir is 102.4 meters above sea level, making it a prominent feature in the landscape of the region.
Economic and Environmental Impact
Initially critical for hydroelectric power generation, the Rybinsk Dam’s importance in this regard has diminished over time, with a current output of around 346 MW. However, the reservoir still plays a vital role in regional water management and ecology. It serves as the northernmost point of the Volga and marks the beginning of the Volga–Baltic Waterway, a key navigational route.
Modern Significance and Utilization
Today, the Rybinsk Reservoir is an important resource for the local economy, particularly for cities like Cherepovets in Vologda Oblast and Vesyegonsk in Tver Oblast, which have become principal ports on its shores. The reservoir has also become a site for recreational activities, including fishing and boating, contributing to the tourism industry in the area.