Gorky Reservoir, Zavolzhe, Chkalovsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Volga Federal District, 606551, Russia
Lake Gorky Reservoir, also known as Gorky Sea, is a prominent artificial lake formed on the central part of the Volga River in Russia. This significant hydroelectric reservoir was created by the Gorky Hydroelectric Station, now called the Nizhny Novgorod Hydroelectric Station, which was constructed between the towns of Gorodets and Zavolzhye between 1955 and 1957.
Geographical and Hydrological Features
Spanning an impressive length of 430 kilometers from the dam of Rybinsk to the dam of Gorodets, the reservoir traverses through the Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, and Nizhny Novgorod oblasts of Russia. While the upper part of the reservoir closely follows the natural riverbed of the Volga and is relatively narrow, it expands to a width of up to 16 kilometers downstream near the town of Yuryevets. The maximum depth of the reservoir is 22 meters, and it covers a surface area of 1,591 square kilometers, with a total water volume of 12.9 cubic kilometers.
Name and Historical Context
The reservoir was named after the former name of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, previously known as Gorky, which is situated approximately fifty kilometers downstream from the dam. Alongside the construction of the dam, the industrial town of Zavolzhye was established on the right bank of the Volga, highlighting the reservoir’s significance in regional development.
Impact on Local Settlements
The creation of the Gorky Reservoir necessitated the relocation of several villages and towns, including Chkalovsk, to accommodate the rising water levels and reservoir boundaries. This transformation had a considerable impact on the local communities and landscapes.
Uses and Significance
Lake Gorky Reservoir plays a crucial role in hydroelectric power generation for the region. Additionally, it serves as an important waterway for transportation and shipping, contributing to the economic activities along the Volga River. The reservoir also supports recreational activities such as boating and fishing, making it a popular destination for both locals and tourists.