Lake Skadar

Lake Skadar, straddling the border between Albania and Montenegro, holds the title of the largest lake in Southern Europe. Notably, it is also known as Lake Scutari, Lake Shkodër, and Lake Shkodra. This expansive water body, with its karst origins, is a prominent feature in the region, named after the city of Shkodër situated on its southeastern coast.

The lake’s vastness is evident in its fluctuating surface area, ranging from 370 km2 to 530 km2, making it the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula. Its geographical position places it on the border area, with Montenegro having a larger share of the lake than Albania. The lake’s water level varies seasonally, with an average depth of 5.01 meters and a maximum depth reaching up to 44 meters. Lake Skadar is known for its distinctive geological formation and is a significant feature in the Balkan landscape.

The primary water source of Lake Skadar is the Morača River, contributing about 62% of the lake’s water. The lake serves as a crucial ecological hub with its unique water balance characterized by high inflow from several karstic springs, some of which are located beneath the lake’s surface. The southern and southwestern edges of the lake are rugged and steep, hosting bays where these underwater springs are commonly found. In contrast, the northern part of the lake features a vast flooded area, which changes with the water levels.

The lake is not only a natural wonder but also a cultural and historical landmark. It is home to small islands like Beška, known for its churches, and Grmožur, a former fortress and prison. Lake Skadar’s climate falls under the hot-summer Mediterranean category, characterized by dry summers.

Designated as a national park in Montenegro and a managed nature reserve in Albania, Lake Skadar also gained international recognition in 1996 when it was included in the Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance. The lake’s rich history is further highlighted by the presence of the Skanderbeg steamboat wreck, a relic from World War II.

Geologically, Lake Skadar is considered an ancient formation, having evolved through complex tectonic activities during the Cenozoic period. The lake basin likely formed due to the sinking of land blocks in the Neogene or even the Paleogene period.