Lake Neusiedl, Bezirk Neusiedl am See, Burgenland, Austria
Lake Neusiedl, also known as Fertő tó, is a prominent endorheic lake straddling the border between Austria and Hungary. It is the largest lake of its kind in Central Europe, covering a total area of 315 square kilometers. The lake is unique for its shallow nature, with an average depth of about 1 meter and a maximum depth of only 1.8 meters. Its surface elevation is 115.45 meters above sea level.
Location and Size
The lake extends approximately 36 kilometers in length and varies between 6 to 12 kilometers in width. Its catchment area encompasses around 1,120 square kilometers. Geographically, the Austrian portion of the lake constitutes the majority of its area, covering 240 square kilometers, while the Hungarian side accounts for 75 square kilometers.
Ecological Importance
Lake Neusiedl is encircled by extensive reed beds, providing a vital habitat for various wildlife species and serving as a crucial stopover for migratory birds. The reeds are harvested in winter for economic and ecological reasons, contributing to the local economy and helping maintain the ecological balance of the lake.
Cultural and Historical Significance
The area surrounding Lake Neusiedl has been inhabited since 6000 BC, playing a significant role in trade and cultural exchanges throughout history. Its rich cultural landscape and traditional rural architecture led to its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001.
Challenges and Conservation
Historically, the lake has experienced significant fluctuations in water levels, influenced by rainfall patterns and other environmental factors. Despite facing various development threats in the 20th century, conservation efforts have prevailed, preserving the lake’s natural state. Environmental plans and construction projects that could have disrupted the lake’s ecosystem were successfully halted, highlighting the area’s commitment to ecological preservation.
Tourism and Recreation
Lake Neusiedl is a popular tourist destination, especially on the Austrian side, known for offering various recreational activities like sailing and windsurfing. It is often referred to as the “Sea of the Viennese” due to its proximity to Vienna and the recreational opportunities it offers. The lake also supports some commercial fishing, contributing to the local economy.