Mälaren, 112 64, Sweden
Lake Mälaren, historically referred to as Lake Malar in English, is the third-largest freshwater lake in Sweden, surpassed only by Vänern and Vättern. It is a distinctive feature in the Swedish landscape, spanning 120 kilometers from east to west and encompassing an area of 1,140 square kilometers. The lake is particularly notable for its depth, reaching 64 meters at its greatest point, and its location in the Svealand region of Sweden.
Geographical and Hydrological Aspects
Lake Mälaren is bounded by the provinces of Uppland, Södermanland, and Västmanland, draining into the Baltic Sea through its natural outlets Norrström and Söderström, as well as through the artificial Södertälje Canal and Hammarbyleden waterway. The easternmost bay of the lake, Riddarfjärden, is situated in central Stockholm. The lake has a surface elevation of 3 meters and contains several large islands, including Selaön and Svartsjölandet.
Bridge Crossings and Urban Connections
The lake’s shape and shallowness have necessitated several bridge crossings. Notably, there are crossings between Eskilstuna and Västerås and several bridges connecting Strängnäs and Enköping. The entire Ekerö Municipality, an urban area within the lake, is connected to the mainland of Stockholm by bridges, illustrating the lake’s integration with the surrounding urban landscape.
Historical and Cultural Significance
Lake Mälaren is steeped in history and mythology. It was the location of significant Viking Age settlements, such as Birka on the island of Björkö and Hovgården on Adelsö, both UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Additionally, the barrow of Björn Ironside, a notable historical figure, is located on the island of Munsö within the lake. According to Norse mythology, the lake was created by the goddess Gefjon, adding a mythical dimension to its significance.
Etymology and Geological History
The name ‘Mälaren’ originates from the Old Norse word ‘mælir’, meaning gravel. The lake was formerly known as ‘Lǫgrinn’, translating to ‘The Lake’. Geologically, Lake Mälaren was formed as a result of the last ice age’s glacial movements and the subsequent post-glacial rebound, which altered the region’s topography and eventually led to the lake becoming a distinct body of water separate from the Baltic Sea.
Modern-Day Importance
Today, Lake Mälaren is not only a significant natural resource but also a popular recreational area. Its vast waters and scenic surroundings make it a favored destination for boating, fishing, and sightseeing. The lake’s proximity to major urban areas like Stockholm further enhances its recreational and economic value.